Winter brings additional challenges for us all, especially when the hills are covered in snow, the weather conditions close in, the air and water temperatures drop significantly, the winds increase the chill factor and our waterways (rivers, lakes, canals) begin to freeze over. Paddling one of our many waterways, exploring the coastline or venturing into the hill and mountains in winter brings with it a truly unique and rewarding experience but remember that days are short and weather conditions can change quickly….so you need to plan for all conditions.

To ‘make your good day better’ in winter you will require additional GEAR, SKILLS & KNOWLEDGE and a greater understanding of the WEATHER, beyond those needed in the summertime.

In winter, whether heading out for a walk with the dog; venturing into the hills to walk and/or climb; or braving the coastal or inland waters for a swim, paddle or sail, make sure you ask yourself 3 questions before you set off:

2. Do I know what the WEATHER will be like?

Winter weather is notoriously unpredictable. Take time to understand what the weather has been like over the past few days, what the weather is doing on the day of your adventure and how that affects the ground and environmental conditions. 

Heavy rainfall through autumn and winter can change river patterns and levels dramatically so, it’s always worth checking the flow and levels before heading out on the river. Strong winds will affect the sea swell along the coast and shoreline and make conditions on inland lakes tricky.

On land, snow, rain and hail can make ground conditions difficult. Freezing ground conditions are especially treacherous; and may require crampons; make sure they are adjusted for your boot size and you have the knowledge and skills to use them.  If you are mountain biking avoid routes with deep snow.

Strong winds can affect your ability to make progress and add to the wind chill factor; this will become more significant the higher you go. Remember that in wet weather, cold air temps and strong winds, you will tire more quickly – you may need to alter your plans, stick to lower levels and/or take a shorter route.

The Met Office has a dedicated mountain weather forecast site, providing mountain forecasts for the main mountain areas. Forecasts are issued twice a day and cover daylight hours. Weather conditions can change rapidly with time and, if you are in the hills/mountains, will also vary with height. Check the forecast for the highest point on your route and for your start and finish time.

Some regions provide current local information about the conditions in the hills and mountains:

Lake District Fell Top Assessors @lakesweather

Snowdon Ground Conditions @snowdonweather

Why is understanding the weather forecast especially important in the hills and mountains?

• Storm-force winds, persistent heavy rain or blizzards can be raging at the top when it is merely cloudy and breezy in the valleys.
• Colder conditions at height and strong winds can give a severe wind chill and lead to hypothermia, especially if waterproofs become soaked through in wet conditions.
• Ice and snow due to colder temperatures at height. Lying snow can last long into spring or summer, especially on sun-shielded north-facing slopes.
• Certain conditions can also give rise to avalanches. Avalanche forecasts for Scotland are provided by the Scottish Avalanche Information Service.
• Low cloud, either from cloud moving across the area or generated by the hills themselves, results in very poor visibility. Cloud cover or heavy snow combined with snow cover on the ground can give whiteout conditions.

If venturing into or onto the water, check the weather conditions for the area you will be going to and continue to check as these conditions will change quickly.

Make sure you plan ahead for your winter adventure;

• Plan for shorter daylight hours, it will get dark quicker if the skies are overcast. Set out in good time, carry a torch, even if you intend to be back long before the dark descends; check your batteries before setting off and carry spares.
• Gather relevant information about where you are planning to go right up to the planned day and then throughout your trip.
• Check the latest weather and ground conditions before you set off – take advice, only attempt a trip if the conditions are within you and your companions’ capabilities.
• If in doubt, alter your plans or go with a qualified guide.

Be flexible – there’s no shame in changing your plans.  Choose a different route or turn back if the forecast doesn’t look too clever; if the weather closes in unexpectedly or if the conditions turn out to be more difficult than you’d expected.

What to do in an emergency?

Accidents happen – even those who are well prepared can find themselves in difficulty. Knowing what to do in an emergency is essential, take time to assess the situation and decide what to do:

• Stay calm and stay together.
• Check that no one in your group is in immediate danger, you may need to move away from the danger.
• If anyone is injured, you may need to treat them. Look for signs of life (airway/breathing/circulation) or blood loss. Download the St John Ambulance first aid advice app (No internet required to use the app: all the information is hosted on the app).
• Insulate the casualty from the ground, add extra clothing and if they are unconscious place them in the recovery position.
• Identify where you are on your map and consider your options:
  • Moving to safety – What will the conditions be like? How far do you need to go to reach safety? Are you able to carry the casualty? Will the casualty’s injuries be made worse by moving?
  • Finding shelter – Don’t use up valuable time and energy unless you are sure about finding shelter. Use your group shelter.
  • Staying put – Will your situation be resolved if you stay where you are?
  • Seeking help – Remember that even when the emergency services have been called they may take several hours to reach you.